Types of surgical dentistry.

Dental diseases in which the dental surgeon uses the appropriate instruments during the following operations are as follows:
1. Extraction of teeth (as the most radical measure when they are so damaged or destroyed that they cannot be restored and preserved):
Simple tooth extraction (extraction is quick and the patient's rehabilitation period is within two days);
Complex tooth extraction (extraction is performed with the help of special cutters and auxiliary equipment. The rehabilitation period can be from several days to several weeks).
2. Removal of the roots and its parts if the infection has penetrated deep into the internal tissues:
Simple tooth root extraction;Atypical tooth extraction (wisdom tooth, eighth teeth);Resection of the top of the tooth root (cyst) (operations are performed to eliminate the inflammatory process, which can cause further health problems).
3. Sinus lift (a procedure to increase bone tissue and change the floor of the maxillary sinus, performed in case of atrophy, when it is difficult to install implants or it is impossible to use removable dentures):
Open sinus lift (if the bone tissue in the projection of the maxillary sinuses is more than 10 cm);Closed sinus lift (if the bone tissue in the projection of the maxillary sinuses is less than 10 cm);
4. Plastic surgery of mucosal tissue folds:Trimming of the frenulum of the tongue, lip trimming of the frenulum of the lip is a dental operation that helps to restore the aesthetic appearance of the front incisors by removing the gap between them - diastema; trimming of the frenulum of the tongue - helps to pronounce sounds better);
Trimming of the frenulum of the upper and lower lip (surgery to correct its shape by excising and fixing a strip of skin-papilla in a new position under the upper or lower lip).

5. Surgical periodontics or flap surgery (manipulations within one tooth in the presence of deep periodontal pockets and bone damage, which involves cutting the gums, cleaning dental plaque, polishing the tooth root and adding bone);
6. Gingival pocket resection (surgery to remove a part of the gum that has detached from the tooth as a threat to the progression of periodontitis/parodontosis);
7. Surgical plasmolifting (removal of purulent inflammation and injection of plasma rich in proteins, enzymes and hormones into the gum tissue to regenerate soft or bone tissue and eliminate pathology):
Phlegmon (a spilled purulent-necrotic process in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, accompanied by hyperemia of the skin, difficulty speaking, swallowing, eating);
Submucosal abscess (a closed purulent process on the inner or outer side of the alveolar ridge of the jaws).
8. Implantology in dentistry (preparation of soft and hard tissues in the oral cavity for insertion and engraftment of an artificial dental root-implant, change of the bone contour, i.e. alveoplasty surgery used before prosthetics to form the alveolar ridge in case of its atrophy, injuries and defects).

In cases of dental phobia, the use of medication sleep restores trust in the dentist and allows for all types of treatment.

Interventions in medication sleep.

Dentophobia (dental phobia) is a fear of dental treatment, a fear that is associated with negative emotions experienced in childhood. A patient with dentophobia is afraid of pain, needle pricking before anesthesia, and the characteristic sound of a dental drill. Patients with dentophobia, hoping to avoid unpleasant sensations, refuse treatment for many years. This ultimately results in the loss of natural teeth.
During treatment in medication sleep, the patient is conscious: all reflexes are preserved, but he or she is completely relaxed, calm and does not experience unpleasant sensations due to the effects of sedatives. Treatment in medication sleep is more often recommended for:- dentophobia;- patients who find it difficult to keep their mouths open for a long time or maintain the desired position in the chair;- in the presence of concomitant diseases, such as cerebral palsy (CP), Alzheimer's disease, etc. - children;- patients who perceive the dentist as an authoritarian figure who checks whether they brush their teeth properly and whether they have had timely treatment;- neurotic disorders;- patients with low pain threshold.

Wisdom tooth extraction.

Cyst extraction is a procedure aimed at removing infection from the top of the tooth root by cleaning, during which a specialist cuts and seals the dental unit in order to preserve it. Atypical extraction is an operation if there are no parts above the gum that the dentist can grasp with forceps or the root system has a complex branched structure, then the doctor needs to peel off the mucous membrane tissue and periosteum to load the forceps inside and grab the root.
Symptoms:- sharp, aching pain; - redness and swelling of the gums in the tooth area; - accumulation of inflammatory fluid under the gum with an admixture of leukocytes and other cells; - general disorder of the body: fever, lethargy, lack of appetite, headache.

Subgingival abscess removal.
Subgingival abscess is an inflammatory process that occurs in the alveolar ridge on the mucous membrane near the tooth roots. It is characterized by compaction of the affected area, redness and swelling with increased pain when the patient chews food, enlarged lymph nodes, aching and throbbing pain, and the appearance of an unpleasant odor.

Surgical periodontics.

Surgical periodontics is a treatment necessary to correct the gum contour and clean the gum pockets in order to restore the aesthetics of a smile when the gum drops slightly and exposes the top of the tooth or vice versa.
Indications for the procedure are:- formation of gum pockets around the tooth; - increase or decrease in the level of the gums; - structural disorders of the gums and papillae between the teeth; - creation of the phenomenon of a “gum smile”.